Saint John Chrysostom
Archbishop of Constantinople, Golden-Mouthed
Life & Biography
John was born in Antioch to a noble family. After studying rhetoric under the famous pagan orator Libanius, he turned to the ascetic life, spending six years as a hermit in the mountains near Antioch. His extreme fasting damaged his health, forcing his return to the city, where he was ordained a deacon and later a priest.
His extraordinary preaching earned him the name "Chrysostom" — Golden-Mouthed. In 398 he was reluctantly elevated to the archbishopric of Constantinople, where he immediately began reforming the clergy's extravagance and championing the poor. His bold denunciation of the Empress Eudoxia's vanity led to his exile — twice. He died during his second exile in 407, his last words being "Glory to God for all things."
His homilies on Scripture remain among the most widely read patristic commentaries, and the Divine Liturgy bearing his name is the most commonly celebrated liturgy in the Orthodox Church.
Legacy & Impact on Orthodoxy
Chrysostom's impact on Orthodoxy is immeasurable. The Divine Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom is celebrated on most Sundays and weekdays throughout the year. His scriptural commentaries set the standard for patristic exegesis, and his social teaching on wealth, poverty, and justice continues to challenge and inspire the faithful. He is one of the Three Holy Hierarchs.
Key Quotes
"Glory to God for all things.
— Last words before his death in exile
"If you cannot find Christ in the beggar at the church door, you will not find Him in the chalice.
— Homilies on Matthew
"Not to share our wealth with the poor is theft from the poor and deprivation of their means of life.
— On Wealth and Poverty
Liturgical Hymns
Troparion
Grace shining forth from thy lips like a beacon hath enlightened the universe. It hath shown to the world the riches of poverty; it hath revealed to us the heights of humility. Teaching us by thy words, O Father John Chrysostom, intercede before the Word, Christ our God, to save our souls.